Education Concerning The Purpose Of Schooling - 1475 Words

There has been much debate in education concerning the purpose of schooling in recent years. Functionalist scholars purport that schools exist for the transmission of knowledge and values in order to create a collective and cohesive social group. Here, students gain knowledge in an organized fashion, as the curriculum mandated by the government or state education board is taught (Sadovnik, Cookson, Semel, 2013). Taught through the curriculum are the knowledge, skills, character traits, behaviours, and attitudes required to thrive in capitalist economies, Neo-Marxists theorists argue (Sadovnik, Cookson, Semel, 2013). In these capitalist societies, student assessments and ranking are based on their academic achievement because high†¦show more content†¦Pertinent to this reproduction is the political currency that policy actors’ wield in the construction of a school’s curriculum. The values and principles of these policy actors help shape the philosophical found ation of a country’s education system (Delaney, 2015). Functional theorists â€Å"believed that the purpose of schooling was to transmit a common body of knowledge in order to reproduce a common cultural heritage† (Sadovnik, Cookson, Semel, 2013, p. 282). Conversely, conflict theorists argued that the common body of knowledge the functionalists speak of are the values, beliefs, and behaviours of the elite, which further contributes to the concretization of the status quo. Conflict theory perspectives emphasize the exploitative relationship between the haves and the have- nots in society and maintains that the education system continues to replicate the existing social strata. The functionalist view, regarded as the humanist curriculum, reflected an idealist philosophy of education. Educational scholars challenged the idealist viewpoint and questioned its credence, consequently, this ushered in a new perspective in the early twentieth century (Sadovnik, Cookson, Seme l, 2013). The development of the social efficiency curriculum was the solution to the issues surrounding the humanist curriculum. Arguably, in most western societies, the social efficiency curriculum thrives in politically democratic environments. Grounded in the work ofShow MoreRelatedEssay975 Words   |  4 Pagesperformance of their country’s education system. The main reason for this trend is the shared opinion that countries will need to be able to compete in the ‘knowledge economy’ to assure the economic wellbeing of their citizens. Whilst benchmark indicators of knowledge economy ‘supply’ variables, such as investment in education as a proportion of GDP, have been available for a long time, countries had no way of comparing the effect of their investments and schooling in general upon students’ knowledgeRead MoreEducation And The Current System Of Teaching966 Words   |  4 PagesIn the history of education, there are many events and people whic h one could say are the most important in the development of the current systems of teaching. Here, I have put together a summary of five such monumental events and influential people which I consider the most important regarding schooling and education in the U.S.. Starting with the first establishment of higher education in the U.S., Harvard University, and the first public library, set up in 1698 in South Carolina, and the evolutionRead MoreSingle-Gender Classrooms Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiments. By offering instruction that is differentiated and by offering instructional activities that suit their curiosity and personalities, the students’ interest in the subject area should increase thereby increasing student achievement. The purpose of this study is to examine single-gender classrooms at two local public schools and determine if the students’ academic achievement has increased as a result of being in that type of classroom setting. This study will also examine whether students’Read MoreSpecial Education : Purpose Of Schooling1548 Words   |  7 Pages Special Education (Name of Student) (Institution) Special Education Purpose of Schooling I believe that education is the most important tool that any person can possess in life. An educated person can find numerous opportunities for personal and professional development regardless of their environment, social background and economic ability. While it is a universal right, millions of people around the world are still denied the opportunity to access education because of various reasonsRead MoreHow Productive Were The Strategies And Policies Presented By Different Parties1063 Words   |  5 Pagesgive an opportunity to look at the changes in the education system in the UK critically and find out what is the next step in schooling and education. Aim: The aim of the research is to investigate usefulness of each strategy and to outline the strongest. There will be presented an analysis of the policies developed by each party with examination of its strength and weaknesses. Literature review: During the period from 1979 to 2015 the education system was in hands of different ruling parties:Read MoreI Sit At My Desk1171 Words   |  5 PagesUnderlying any discussion of education lies the question the question of why. What is the purpose? A student who is driven by purpose in his learning may succeed much more than one with unclear purpose or simply checking things off his list so he can move on in life. Alfie Kohn in attempting to look at what it means to be well-educated states, â€Å"Rather than attempting to define what it means to be well educated, should we instead be asking about the purposes of education? The latter formulation invitesRead MoreThe Philosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice958 Words   |  4 PagesThis history of education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized educatio n has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that take place in education are a directly resultRead MorePhilosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice954 Words   |  4 PagesThis history or education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that result in education stem from the everRead MorePreference for Co-Ed Schools in Korea1545 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesIn Korea, there are as countless single-sex schools as co-ed schools. But, in Korea, co-ed schools are a extra preferable form of education above single-sex schools because they rise competitiveness, fairness, and sociability. Two of my origins do prop my locale as one more one is impartial and one is opposed. Additionally, my real-life experiences of co-ed schools and single-sex schools in Korea will give prop that co-ed schools are preferable. Despite intellectual attainments, there are extraRead MoreImpact Of Education On The American Education System1671 Words   |  7 PagesEducation has overtime developed from an institution that lacked what was necessary to properly education men, women and children, to what is now a fairly decent system that prepares people from all across the world. For minorities, or underrepresented ethnic groups in America this is a different case. My focused are of research pertains to the history of education and how policies and the quality of it has transformed. While we have grown over the decades to provide education for all groups of people

Analysis Of The Movie The Night - 898 Words

â€Å"Here he is,† Mindy said happily when Zack arrived for his detention. Zack looked around. The only people there were Miss Devasquez and Mindy. He knew about the â€Å"special detention† that Miss Hartick had put together, and he had expected that he would have to go through the same thing. It didn’t look that way though. He was glad about that at least. He even let himself expect that this might be a regular detention. He asked, â€Å"It’s just us?† â€Å"It’s just us,† Miss Devasquez said. Playfully, she said, â€Å"What were you expecting?† Then the classroom door opened again as Shelly walked in. â€Å"Am I in time? Hi, Zack.† Zack groaned. Miss Devasquez was not having that though. â€Å"Shelly, why are you here?† â€Å"Aren’t we going to, uh, isn’t Zack going to have to?† Miss Devasquez couldn’t help enjoying this. â€Å"I think Zack could learn a bit about respecting women. This isn’t an interview though. I can handle this.† â€Å"But! Wait, what do you mean?† Shelly didn’t want to tiptoe around it. She shut the door behind her so that she could talk. â€Å"If you’re going to strip him down, then why can’t I watch?† Zack said, â€Å"Is this necessary? You can do whatever you want to us in the locker room. Do you have to pull us out of there to humiliate us?† â€Å"You should have thought of that before you decided to call us alley cats,† Miss Devasquez said. â€Å"Shelly, Zack will be uncomfortable enough with just me and Mindy here to see him.† â€Å"So what? Who cares how uncomfortable he is? I want to see him naked too.† â€Å"Come on!†Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 996 Words   |  4 Pagesneedles of death! she exclaims. I don t understand you, Bridges. Josh laughs,You saved my life, but then almost gave me a heart attack. Brianna smiles up at him as he laughs. Adoration shines in her eyes, sparkling like stars on the darkest of nights. Blood curdling needles of death? Josh chuckles, So dramatic! Have you ever considered writing? Shut up Ramsay. Brianna smirks, I would be a wonderful author. Josh walks closer to the bed, his heart racing. He sits down in the same spotRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 957 Words   |  4 Pagesthem. The figures were grim in appearance, green, ribs protruding from the side, hollow eyes, and open mouths that were letting out a hollow scream. Our class, 30 in number, shuffled in and took our seats. Once in our seats we were shown a movie. The movie was about the Holocaust, and some of the people who were fortunate enough to survive it. The film covered significant points that were the crescendos of this time in History. The survivors spoke on their experiences, how they survived, and theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 867 Words   |  4 PagesRichards briefcase it showed the audience that Paul was showing his anger due to the fact he had feeling for Anne. 9. There were a couple unique sound effects in the play. The sound effects was the pounding on the door, the noise of the door across the hall closing, the door knob when it was being unscrewed from the door, a baby crying, and the jiggle of a dogs collar. The sound cues were executed at the right moments in the play. For example, when the lady from 4a came into 4b’s apartment to talkRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 858 Words   |  4 Pagesreally missed the great adventure, which not only added gas to her fire but it made her go on a rage. This rage lasted for weeks and weeks and she ended up destroying her room just to show her parents how bad she wanted to go to the carnival. The night that she destroyed her room a little leprechaun about the same size of her foot with a face that looked cute, according to Lucy which made it easier for the leprechaun to convince her into going with him to the carnival. The leprechaun ran into herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 1065 Words   |  5 PagesAt Once Again Antiques, Zach hesitated under the store’s overhang and stomped the snow from his boots. In the display window, a vintage jukebox played Deck the Halls, and next to it, a color wheel revolved in front of an aluminum Christmas tree. He removed his Stetson and tapped it against his pant leg, releasing a dusting of snow from the dark felt brim. Whatever was supposed to happen would be today, December 24th. For Gran’s sake, he’d ask an eye-catching, yet complete stranger to accompany himRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 1047 Words   |  5 Pagestrying my best (and failing miserably) to keep the tears out of my eyes. Fairly recently, I assumed that role for another friend. The symbolism, it kills me. And yet here I am, sitting in a Starbucks at 7:04 in the morning because I didn’t sleep last night and instead watched the last season of FRIENDS and cried, wondering when I’d find someone who loved me as much as Ross loves Rachel, as much as Chandler loves Monica, and wondering when I would ever love someone in the same way. Wondering if it’d happenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 925 Words   |  4 Pagesher friends enjoyed the use of the house owned by her best friend’s parents. They had the run of Megan’s family beach home in Playa Del Rey for the holiday week. Megan’s parents were on location in Canada for two months. Her dad and mom were on a movie shoot filming a creature feature. As a result, the friends felt they were on one long slumber party, similar to the ones they enjoyed as teenagers. Only at this juncture of their life, wine and men liven up the week-long gathering. The young womenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 978 Words   |  4 PagesBy the following Tuesday night she was ready to resume taking after having several nights of poor sleep. The doorbell rang about 1A.M., I got up in time to see Kevin handing an almost nude Susan a Sunday. All she had on was her pink panties, hmm..she had pajamas on when she went to bed. At first I thought she might be awake, but her blank expression led me to believe she was in ambient trance. How did Kevin know to bring a Sunday or did he just chance it? Why was Susan naked? Did she call KevinRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 1181 Words   |  5 Pagespassenger side of her father’s transport looking at her as if he were about to laugh, but she had at once said to him, â€Å"Did you set the wheels in motion?† sounding much like one of those mid-twentieth century spies in one of New America’s old archived movie records Phillip had recently viewed. â€Å"Everything’s going according to plan so far,† he simply stated back with a grin. A few miles away, once they neared Inez’s place, Cassidy parked on Bethwin Road not far from where she had previously vandalizedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 1673 Words   |  7 Pagesvisiting her friend Melinda who was staying with her father at his place in Elmira, NY. But, after having arrived a day early and not wanting to be a burden. Pamela decided to make a stop at the Ramapo Valley resort just outside of Monticello for the night. Melinda, who had also been a former working girl, had left Miami six years earlier when she had chosen to turn her life around by getting clean. At the time, a local pimp who only went by the name of â€Å"Rangel† had tried to kill her for stealing

Shopping Malls free essay sample

PROJECT ON MARKETING MANAGEMENT SHOPPING MALL 1 MARKETING PROJECT ON SHOPPING MALL NAME: MRINMOY CHAUDHURY ENROLMENT NO: 011102003 PROGRAM: PGDIB 02 Term : 6 2 Contents 1. Introduction Pg. no. 4 What is a shopping mall? . Advantage and disadvantage Brief history Type of shopping malls Components 2. Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 What are the key factors which is making shopping mall hugely successful? Effect of shopping malls on the small retailers. 3. Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 4. Questionnaire †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 5. Finding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 6. SWOT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 5. Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 29 6. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 7. Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 37 3 INTRODUCTION Shopping malls The latest trend in the corporate universe is of the emergence of the shopping malls. Shopping malls are an emerging trend in the global arena. The first thing that comes in our mind about the shopping malls is that it is a big enclosed building housing a variety of shops or products. According to historical evidences shopping malls came into existence in the middle ages, though it was not called so. The concept of departmental stores came up in the 19th century with the Industrial Revolution. Consumers wanted a better shopping experience and this demand gave rise to the emergence of shopping malls in India. Originally the first of the shopping malls was opened in Paris. Then the trend followed in the other metros over the world, and there was a spree of shopping malls coming up at various places. In this age of mass production and mass consumption, the concepts of shopping malls is most modern method of attracting consumers. The concept of shopping was altered completely with the emergence of these shopping malls. Shopping was no longer limited to a mere buying activity it has become synonymous with splurging time and money. People simply go about roaming through the shopping mall in order to peep through the window of the shop and often ending up buying something they like. The consumers desire a combination of comfort and suitability which the shopping malls cater to, and so this format of shopping has become so popular all over the world, and especially so in India. The inclusion of amenities like restaurants, multiplexes, and car parks attract more and more crowds to shopping malls, that are considered family hangout zones. 4 Advantages of shopping malls: ? ? ? ? Increase in the growth of the organized retail sector Monumental increment in economic growth Employment generation by the organized retail sector Good competition means better products services Disadvantages of shopping malls: ? The companies with superior resources would muscle out the ones inferior to them. ? Monopolization of the organized retail sector In India, the emergence of shopping malls has mostly altered the lifestyle of the consumers. With the growth in income, changing attitudes, and also the demographic patterns favor the emergence of shopping malls. The trends to follow in the future: ? The shopping malls favor a growth in the Indian organized retail sector by 10% within 2010 ? There would be different formats of shopping malls depending on the region. 5 Brief history In the United States, people began moving to the suburbs during the 20th century. Shopping malls were built to serve consumers living in areas outside of the cities. By 1916, a shopping mall called The Market Square opened for business in Chicago, IL. The facility was comprised of 28 stores, apartments, and offices. The Market Square was located in the expensive Lake Forest suburb and is thought to be one of the first planned shopping centers in the U. S. In 1950, the Northgate Shopping Center was built in Seattle, Washington. This shopping mall boasted two rows of stores on each side of an open-air section where shoppers could walk. Two department stores anchored each end of the shopping center. The first enclosed shopping mall was Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota which opened its doors in 1956. Up until the mid 1990s, most modern-day developers built enclosed shopping malls in order to create a climate-controlled shopping environment. Today, developers are returning to the creation of open-air shopping malls. Outlet malls, shopping centers featuring name brand retailers selling their products at discounted prices, are often built in an open-air format. Types of Shopping Malls In general, you will find only regional centers, superregional centers, and fashion/specialty centers on this Web site. Relatively few community centers were chosen, but appear here because the center may have, at one time, been considered a regional center. Only a few theme/festival centers were listed in heavily urbanized areas, such as San Francisco, because of their particular attractiveness or size. Finally, the new designation, lifestyle center, displays because of their classic-mall type appearance even though they are without a classic-mall anchor store. 6 Fashion/Specialty Centers Characterized as higher end, fashion oriented centers between 80,000 and 250,000 sq. ft. Community Centers Characterized as having between 100,000 and 350,000 sq. t. Usually two types of anchors, such as a discount department store or large specialty/discount apparel store. Lifestyle Centers A new designation that has a loose definition. Generally, its a center that does not have an anchor tenant in the classic sense (that is, a department store). However, lifestyle centers increasingly have a cinema as a major tena nt. Others have just a small collection of exclusive shops. Outlet Centers Characterized as manufacturers outlet centers between 50,000 and 400,000 sq. ft. Regional Centers Characterized as having between 400,000 and 800,000 sq. ft. Usually two or more anchors, such as a conventional department store, junior department store, mass merchant, discount department store, or fashion apparel store. Superregional Centers Characterized as having over 800,000 sq. ft. Usually three or more anchors, such as a conventional department store, junior department store, mass merchant, or fashion apparel store. Theme/Festival Centers Characterized as tourist-oriented, retail and service centers between 80,000 and 250,000 sq. ft. 7 Components of shopping mall Food court A shopping mall food court consists of food vendors offering a selection of food. At a typical food court, food is ordered at one of the vendors and then consumed at a seating area, which is normally a plaza surrounded by the counters of the multiple food vendors. Department stores A department store is a retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. Department stores usually sell products including apparel, furniture, appliances, electronics, and additionally select other lines of products such as paint, hardware, toiletries, cosmetics, photographic equipment, jewelry, toys, and sporting goods. Certain department stores are further classified as discount department stores. Discount department stores commonly have central customer checkout areas, generally in the front area of the store. Department stores are usually part of a retail chain of many stores situated around a country or several countries. 8 OBJECTIVE The purpose of doing the project is to find out: 1. What are the key factors which is making shopping mall hugely successful 2. Effect of these shopping malls on the small retailers 1. WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT IS MAKING SHOPPING MALL HUGELY SUCCESSFUL ? The success of modern shopping centers relies on a number of critical success factors. These factors include attainability, effortless business, service variety, ambience, price, active marketing and cleanliness,† says Arto Lindblom, Professor of Retail and Channel Management at the Helsinki School of Economics. The atmosphere of shopping center created by sound registration, color scores and illumination, alo ngside with the professional concept create additional comfort for visitors which influences loyalty of buyers and their desire to pass more time in the shopping center. Honestly speaking, the competition is amplifying, and factors on which we did not reflect earlier (color, light, a sound and even smells) now act as an advantage in fighting for the buyer. 9 2. FFECT OF SHOPPING MALLS ON THE SMALL RETAILERS ? Retail trade contributes around 10-11% of India’s GDP and currently employs over 4 crore people. Within this, unorganized retailing accounts for 97% of the total retail trade. Traditional forms of low-cost retail trade, from the owner operated local shops and general stores to the handcart and pavement vendors together form the bulk of this sector. In the absence of any significant growth in organized sector employment in India in the manufacturing or services sector, millions are forced to seek their livelihood in the informal sector. Retail trade, which has been a relatively easy business to enter with low capital and infrastructure needs, has acted as a refuge source of income for the unemployed. Organized retailing has witnessed considerable growth in India in the last few years and is currently growing at a very fast pace. A recent KPMG survey report prepared for the FICCI states that organized retail, estimated as a $ 6. billion industry in 2006, is projected to reach $ 23 billion by 2010. The share of organized retail in overall retail sales is projected to jump from around 3% currently to around 9-10% in the next three years. A number of large domestic business groups have entered the retail trade sector and are expanding their operations aggressively. Several formats of organized retailing 10 like hypermarkets, superma rkets and discount stores are being set up by big business groups besides the ongoing proliferation of shopping malls in the metros and other large cities. This has serious implications for the livelihood of millions of small and unorganized retailers across the country. Need to Regulate Organized Retail Large format retailing is controlled and regulated across the world. The experiences of Western European as well as South East Asian countries are particularly relevant in this regard. However, an appropriate regulatory framework for the organized retail sector in India has to be framed keeping in mind the Indian specificities. India has the highest shop density in the world with 11 shops per 1000 persons, much higher than the European or Asian countries. The potential social costs of the growth and consolidation of organized retail, in terms of displacement of unorganized retailers and loss of livelihoods is enormous. Regulation in India therefore needs to be more stringent and restrictive. There are broadly three ways in which the adverse impact of the rapid and unbridled expansion of organized retail can be felt: 1. Around 95% of the 12 million shops in India have a floor area of less than 500 square feet. The impact of the growing market share for organized retailers is being manifested in the falling sales for the unorganized retailers in several places. The NSSO surveys already indicate a significant decline of more than 12. 5 lakhs in the number of selfemployed retailers in urban India (by current weekly status) between 1999-2000 and 2004-05. Further acceleration in the growth of organized retail would eventually result in making business unviable for a large number of unorganized retailers, particularly in the event of a slowdown in consumption growth and retail sales. In the backdrop of huge unemployment and underemployment persisting in India, small-scale retailing still provides livelihood security to around 20 million urban workers and 12 million rural workers. Their displacement would further worsen the unemployment scenario. 2. Giant organized retailers use their monopoly buying power to squeeze small producers of agricultural as well as manufactured products. The experience of the farmers of 11 developing countries with the giant food retailers has been particularly bad. The farmers become dependent upon the inputs, credit and technology supplied by the food retailers and end up being at their mercy in terms of prices for their produce and quality standards. Contract farming, which is the preferred mode of operations as far as the agribusiness corporations and food retailers are concerned, has led to agrarian distress in many places. Moreover, uncontrolled diversification in agriculture away from foodgrains can imperil food security. In the backdrop of the crisis being already faced in Indian agriculture, the entry of large retailers with monopsonistic control can aggravate the situation. 3. The proliferation of large format retail outlets reshapes the urban landscape in myriad ways. Land use patterns change drastically, often in violation of city plans. Given the unplanned and chaotic path of urban development witnessed in India over the past decade and a half, and the pathetic state of urban infrastructure, the proliferation of large format retailers will only accelerate the undesirable trends of predatory real estate development and unsustainable pressures on urban infrastructure and the environment. Rather than enhancing choices for the consumers, especially the lower income groups, proliferation of large format retail stores would kill competition, lead to closure of neighbourhood markets and make consumers solely dependent upon the organized retailers. This would also increase the propensity to use private vehicles for shopping thus leading to more pollution. Regulation of the organized retail sector has to address all these areas of concern mentioned above. Organized retail cannot be allowed to grow in a way, which displaces existing unorganized retailers, jeopardizing livelihoods in the absence of other employment opportunities. The interests of the small producers, especially farmers, also have to be protected by preventing the emergence of local monopolies/monopsonies. It has to be ensured that competition is not stifled and potentially monopolistic practices in credit, input and output markets are not encouraged by the entry of large corporate retailers. Moreover, undue pressure on urban infrastructure and the environment arising out of the proliferation of large format retailers has to be prevented. 12 METHODOLOGY For finding out various details of our project we have to find the various factors which is making the shopping malls so attractive to the customer. is it the huge variety attainability, effortless business, service variety ambience, active marketing and cleanliness . e have to also find out the what is the impact of these malls on the small retail shops. We have to visit various shopping malls and by observation method we have to find out the various factors which is making these malls so attractive to the customer, we also need to interview the customer and ask them about their choice and preferences like what are the thing they like about the shopping malls that includes (variety, price shopping environment, service, cleanliness, attainability) etc. And for finding out the impact of these malls on the small retailers we need to interview some small retailer and know their opinion and position. 3 In addition, on most customer satisfaction projects we look to: ? ? ? ? ? ? Define customer service Measure customer expectations Measure customer perceptions Identify gaps between expectations and perceptions Identify priorities for improvement SWOT analysis of retail 14 Questionnaire For finding out the objective, a small survey has been done by me. 30 customers of different age, sex and economic class from 5 shopping malls (big bazaar, Spencer, city center, south city mall and subiksha) that I have visited based on their response this is what I have found. . what according to them are the factors which influence their behavior ,while going for shopping? 2. When asked what are the things they liked about shopping mall s? 3. When asked, Where do they do their regular monthly shopping? 4. When asked whether they are aware of the condition of the small retailer due to these shopping malls? 5. When people from the young age group were asked where they prefer shopping and why, this is what we found? 15 After interviewing 10 small retail shop owner from various parts of the city this is what I found. 1. hop owners when asked about the effects on their business when ever there is a shopping mall around the area 2. When asked, who according to them are the customers who are still loyal to them 3. When asked about the strategies they are adopting to fight with the situation? 4. When asked should the government interfere in between and give them protection? 16 FINDINGS 1. what according to them are the factors which influence their behavior ,while going for shopping? Following are the important factors according to them: 17 2. When asked what are the things they liked about shopping malls? Response in percentage price and service variety shopping environment cleanliness 0% 20% 51% 29% 18 3. When asked, Where do they do their regular monthly shopping? Response in percentage come to the shopping malls go to the small retailer 0% 0% 45% 55% 19 4. When asked whether they are aware of the condition of the small retailer due to theses shopping mall Response in percentage people said yes people said no people said they don’t know 10% 23% 67% 20 5. When people from the young age group were asked where they prefer shopping and why, this is what we found? Response in percentage of them preferred shopping in malls: price, environment and variety where the main factors according to them. of them preferred shopping in small retail outlets: distance of the shop from their home, shopping habits were the main reason according to them. 11% 89% 21 After interviewing 10 small retail shop owner from various parts of the city this is what I found 1. shop owners when asked about the effects on their business when ever there is a shopping mall around the area Response in percentage aid it affects their business very badly said it doesn’t affect their business 5% 95% 22 2. When asked, who according to them are the customers who are still loyal to them Manily People of the older age group for whom distance from there home is a prime factor and the customer with whom they had a very good and long relationship are the ones who are still loyal. 23 3. When asked about the strategies they are adopting to fight with the situation? 24 4. When asked should the government interfere in between and give them protection? Response in percentage aid yes, the government must act at once and give them some protection. said they don’t know 3% 97% 25 SWOT Analysis of retail(shopping malls)†¦ A SWOT analysis of the Indian organized retail industry is presented below: Strength: 1. Retailing is a technology-intensive industry. It is technology that will help the organized retailers to score over the unorganized retailers. Successful organized retailers today work closely with their vendors to predict consumer demand, shorten lead times, reduce inventory holding and ultimately save cost. Example: Wal-Mart pioneered the concept of building competitive advantage through distribution information systems in the retailing industry. They introduced two innovative logistics techniques ? crossdocking and EDI (electronic data interchange). 2. On an average a super market stocks up to 5000 SKUs against a few hundreds stocked with an average unorganized retailer. Weakness: 1. Less Conversion level : Despite high footfalls, the conversion ratio has been very low in the retail outlets in a mall as compared to the standalone counter parts. It is seen that actual conversions of footfall into sales for a mall outlet is approximately 20-25%. On the other hand, a high street store of retail chain has an average conversion of about 50-60%. As a result, a stand-alone store has a ROI (return on investment) of 25-30%; in contrast the retail majors are experiencing a ROI of 8-10%. 2. Customer Loyalty: Retail chains are yet to settle down with the proper merchandise mix for the mall outlets. Since the stand-alone outlets were established long time back, so they have stabilized in terms of footfalls merchandise mix and thus have a higher customer loyalty base. 6 Opportunity : 1. The Indian middle class is already 30 Crore is projected to grow to over 60 Crore by 2010 making India one of the largest consumer markets of the world. The IMAGES-KSA projections indicate that by 2015, India will have over 55 Crore people under the age of 20 reflecting the enormous opportunities possible in the kids and teens retailing segment. 2. Org anized retail is only 3% of the total retailing market in India. It is estimated to grow at the rate of 25-30% p. a. and reach INR 1,00,000 Crore by 2010. 3. Percolating down : In India it has been found out that the top 6 cities contribute for 66% of total organized retailing. While the metros have already been exploited, the focus has now been shifted towards the tier-II cities. The retail boom, 85% of which has so far been concentrated in the metros is beginning to percolate down to these smaller cities and towns. The contribution of these tier-II cities to total organized retailing sales is expected to grow to 20-25%. 4. Rural Retailing: Indias huge rural population has caught the eye of the retailers looking for new areas of rowth. ITC launched Indias first rural mall Chaupal Saga offering a diverse range of products from FMCG to electronic goods to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all their needs. Hariyali Bazar is started by DCM Sriram group which provides farm related inputs services. The Godrej group has launched the concept of agri-stores named Adhaar which offers agricultural products such as fertilizers animal feed along with the required knowledge for effective use of the same to the farmers. Pepsi on the other hand is experimenting with the farmers of Punjab for growing the right quality of tomato for its tomato purees pastes. 27 Threats : 1. If the unorganized retailers are put together, they are parallel to a large supermarket with no or little overheads, high degree of flexibility in merchandise, display, prices and turnover. 2. Shopping Culture: Shopping culture has not developed in India as yet. Even now malls are just a place to hang around with family and friends and largely confined to windowshopping. 28 Recommendations Framework for a National Policy on Regulating Organized Retail Small retailers need protection and policy support in order to compete with organized retail. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation has formulated a National Policy for Urban Street Vendors. The policy proposes several positive steps to provide security to street vendors considering it as an initiative towards urban poverty alleviation. However, what is required is a more comprehensive policy, which addresses the needs of small retailers, especially in terms of access to institutional credit and know how to upgrade their businesses. A regulatory framework for organized retail should also be framed. Since the operations of organized retailers impact upon various sectors of the economy, policy guidelines should be framed involving all the relevant Departments, namely Commerce, Agriculture and Urban Development. Moreover, since regulation of the large format retailers would mainly be in the domain of the states and local bodies, State Governments have to be consulted and involved in the process of framing policy guidelines. A Central legislation or a Model legislation, which can be enacted by the State Governments, may also be considered for this purpose. In addition, the UPA Government should also abandon the moves to permit FDI in retail trade through the back door, as in the case of the joint venture between Wal-Mart and Bharti whereby the former proposes to operate in the cash-and-carry segment while the latter in the front-end. It is more than obvious that this proposed joint venture is nothing but a subterfuge, to circumvent the existing policy regime, which does not allow FDI in retail. The entry of giant MNCs like the Wal-Mart, TESCO, Carrefour etc, besides 29 ccelerating manifolds the already rapid growth of organized retail, would also sabotage any attempt by the Government to regulate the sector in order to protect the interests of the small retailers and farmers. The UPA Government should take a categorical position on this issue. Not allowing MNCs to operate in the retail sector should be the starting point of the national policy on retail. The issues, which need to be addressed in the regulatory framework for organized r etail, have already been discussed above. Some suggestions are made below which seek to address those issues: A Licensing System for Organized Retail 1. A system of licensing should be introduced for organized retail. Any retail outlet with floor area over an appropriate minimum floor area should require prior license from local authorities (city corporations or municipalities). Corporate entities should not be allowed to operate retail outlets below the specified minimum floor area 2. The authority to grant licenses should be the urban local bodies. A dedicated committee/board/department should be set up by the urban local bodies, with representation from street vendors and small retailer associations, which should be empowered to grant licenses to organized retailers. . The system should be devised in a manner so that there is transparency in the process of granting licenses in order to prevent corrupt practices. A process of open bids for granting licenses may be considered. 4. Considering the multiplicity of formats of organized retail, there should be separate sets of regulations for each format, based on floor area. Slabs shoul d be set for the different retail formats, like discount stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, shopping malls etc based on floor area. 5. Licenses for each format should be given on the basis of a population criterion, i. e. ot more than X number of large format retail stores of Y format per Z population. The criteria may vary between states and cities depending upon the nature of the retail sector and needs of consumers. However, a commonality should exist in terms of assessing the employment impact by the local authorities 30 in a scientific as well as democratic manner, before granting license for a large format retail outlet. 6. There should be appropriate caps both on the total number of large format retail outlets that are being granted licenses in particular areas as well as on the maximum floor area for a retail outlet. 7. Retail outlets above a certain floor area should not be allowed to operate within existing commercial zones/areas. In case a license is granted for a large format retailer within an existing commercial area, it should only be on the basis of an agreement to share a substantial proportion of its floor area with small retailers at concessional rent. The allotment of space to small retailers in such cases should be done by the license issuing authority. 8. Giant retail outlets like hypermarkets, which attract large numbers of customers should have adequate parking space and should ideally be located outside city limits. Environmental Impact assessment should also be mandatory for giant retail outlets whose floor area exceeds a specified limit. 9. Penal provisions, including withdrawal of licenses, should be laid down for violation of the terms and conditions of licenses by organized retailers. Government’s Role in Preventing Private Monopolies 1. A single large format retailer should not be allowed to capture a large market share. For this it is important to restrict the number of retail outlets that a single private entity can open in a city, state as well as region. Under no circumstances should a national level monopoly be allowed to develop in the retail sector. 2. There should be guidelines to prevent predatory pricing and below-cost sales by organized retailers. A mechanism should be set up where complaints against predatory pricing can be registered by small retailers. The Competition Commission in India is not suitably equipped to handle such issues. A dedicated mechanism is required for this purpose. 3. In order to prevent the development of big private monopolies in retail trade, it is also important for the Government to ensure its presence in the market. Several 31 Government marketing agencies exist, both at the Central as well as State levels. With a few exceptions, these agencies have been experiencing decay, owing to various factors. These marketing agencies should be revived and encouraged to grow and compete with private large format retailers. 4. Consolidation of several Government marketing agencies in order to create a few big public sector retail chains should be seriously considered, which can also invest in developing modern supply chain infrastructure. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) should be involved in the administration of cold storages and procurement centres. . Encouragement should be provided to the existing retail chains in the cooperative sector. New retail cooperatives should also be promoted. Partnerships between existing Government marketing agencies and cooperatives can also be considered, especially in food retail where synergies exist. 6. The State Governments or urban local bodies should levy a cess on the VAT on all goods sold by large format retail outlets (including those in the public sector) in order to create a level playing field between the organized and unorganized retailers. Revenues generated from the cess can be used to create a dedicated fund to provide infrastructure support, financial assistance or cheap credit for unorganized retailers to improve and upgrade their operations. 7. Tax incentives should not be provided, either by the Central or State Governments, for the setting up of procurement/distribution centres or â€Å"rural business hubs† by private players. Neither should tax breaks be provided to private players for contract farming. Safeguarding Farmers’ Interests 1. Handing over farmland to food retailers for contract farming should not be permitted. Rules for contract farming should ensure that there is no possibility of farmers being alienated from their land, even if there is a failure in meeting contract commitments. 2. Contract farming should be regulated and monitored by the Government to protect the interests of farmers. Farmers should be encouraged to form groups or 32 cooperatives in order to enter into contracts collectively with corporate rather than entering into individual contracts. 3. The processes of credit provision linked to input supplies and subsequent purchase of the crop, all by one private player, need to be regulated carefully by State authorities and PRIs. Supply of inputs like seeds need to be monitored by the Government. It is also important to ensure that monoculture is avoided. 4. It should be ensured that the farmers are not denied the opportunity of selling their produce over and above the quantity specified in the contract to other agencies at a price higher than what is specified in the contract. Farmers also need to be protected from arbitrary refusal by the contracting parties to buy their produce on grounds of ‘poor quality’. The Government should reserve the right to intervene in such contracts in situations when they are found to be operating to the detriment of farmers’ interests. . Large procurement centres created by corporate retailers should compulsorily have separate space for Government agencies. The scope of activities of the Government agencies would depend on the scale of operations. They may range from a single information centre for Government services to various Government agencies supplyin g inputs, providing extension services, disbursing credit and undertaking procurement. Several State Governments have amended their APMC Acts in accordance with the Model APMC Act framed by the Central Government. That model Act itself needs to be changed incorporating the suggestions made above. State Governments should also be persuaded to do the same. 6. It has to be ensured that a single corporate retailer does not monopolize procurement operations in a district or area. It is therefore absolutely critical that both public procurement agencies and cooperatives are given support, incentives and freedom to compete with the corporate retailers. This would require special initiatives from the State Governments to reinvigorate the Government agencies. The Central Government should also provide adequate funds required for the purpose. 33 7. Private procurement of food grains by large players who can manipulate the market should be discouraged. The experience of the last two years shows how the free hand given to corporate players has led to shortfalls in public procurement necessitating wheat imports. There is an urgent need to strengthen and expand the public procurement machinery into more areas and provide it with the required flexibility to ensure adequate procurement at remunerative prices. Private procurement of food grains, wherever it takes place, should be closely monitored by the PRIs and the Government. 8. Food retailers or other agribusiness companies should not be allowed to corner and hoard food grains stocks under any circumstances. To prevent cornering of stocks by private players with the associated potential for speculation, there should be rules for public disclosure of stock holding levels. Public agencies should be empowered to purchase food grains from the private holders at prespecified prices if their stocks exceed a specified level. 4 CONCLUSION After looking at the above data we have come to a conclusion that presently there is a tend of considerable increase of shopping malls in all the metro cities , small towns and a large section of middle class , upper middle class people are coming for shopping because of the following reasons: 1. Customers convenience for shopping. Items from food to clothing, grocery to electronics are available under one ro of. 2. Better environment and improved customer service. 3. compitive price with seasonal discount various gift scheme. 4. Various options to the customer for choosing brand and variety. 5. Ample scope of promoting sales and enhance brand image. 6. Availability of parking space for their car 7. Scope of employment at local area for various segment. Considering mash rooming of shopping mall, small business man, shop owners and farmers are facing acute financial problem as their business transactions are reducing sharply. Loosing employment by the employee of small shop owners, many of them who were dependent on the small shop for their living are facing the heat. 5 On one hand where the shopping malls are slowly capturing the market due their superior power and size for which they are able to attract more and more customers towards them, on the other hand due to growing trend of shopping mall , especially the farmers and the small shop owners of groceries and other house hold goods are affected as considerable number of customers are shopping these items from shopping malls instead of normal market, and t he profit margin is slopping towards the shopping mall To encounter the situation it is required to impose rule or preferably ban by the concerned authority to restrain sales of some particular items (fruit, vegetables and some other glossary product) from shopping mall. This will give the small shop owner and the farmers some protection against the giant shopping malls, so that they can get back to their normal state. 36 Bibliography www. google. com http://www. ammas. com/topics/Market_Research/a144646. html http://www. bigmallrat. com/types-of-malls. tml http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Shopping_mall http://www. amazon. com/gp/richpub/syltguides/fullview/R25NB8OBISEFAF http://www. ehow. com/about_4570916_history-shopping-mall. html http://www. answers. com/topic/shopping-mall retail. about. com/od/location/a/retail_location. htm www. trulia. com/ /Shopping /What_types_of_shopping_are_available_in_or_around_ -4353 valuationresources. com/ /SIC6512ShoppingCenters. htm www. wilsonweb. com/search/cat. php? querytype ca_Mall 37

Branding Strategies and Product Development

Question: Discuss anout the Branding Strategies and Product Development. Answer: Introduction According to the study of the project planning, I found that branding of products related to any specific organization is getting innovated day by day in order to provide effective brand value to organization. The concerned case study is elaborating about the effective measures related to sensory branding of product. In contrast with this fact, I am evaluating the project of improving branding of products in this essay. There are various phases involved in this project. I am considering three main considerable areas in the project to be evaluated in this essay. Situations Considered According to stages used in improving branding of Color Studio Professional I have found three considerable phases related to the project implementation that needs to be reviewed in order to make the project implementation successful. Development of Gantt chart, Work breakdown structure preparation and Estimation of budget for the project development are the three considerable areas according to my point of discussion. Experiences covered in project development I have found that in the contemporary time the organizations are using sensory branding or sensory stimuli in order to make their brands powerful. Various organizations used two dimensional branding schemes for making their products popular in the target market. I noticed that, application of five senses during finalizing the branding schemes for making the product popular is the better way to attract the customers with respect to developing trends. In the concerned project of Color Studio Professional (CSP), the organization develops their brand value with the help of innovative strategies within their target market. I realized that the thought behind launching the products of CSP was justified with the five senses: A typical day in her life. I need to elaborate that this implementation of new branding perspective needed various project management stages that helped CSP to master the five sense in their branding perspective. Preparation of WBS and Gantt chart for project success was the most effective one. In addition to this, budget estimation is also one important aspect to be considered in this segment. Contribution to the situation The project management is one of the important aspects that need to be managed by the project manager. In contrast with this fact, I found the project planner of CSP very unprofessional in this particular project of improving branding of CSP. There are various aspects I noticed that the project planner needed to consider in the project development phase. Every project development concern should be based on a structured and systematic way of execution. In contrast with the segmentation of tasks and scheduling techniques I noticed various aspects are missed out in the segment of scheduling and segmenting the task. According to my specific study on the budget estimation of improving the branding of CSP I have found that the budget is correctly estimated based on the respective functionalities of the project members in this particular project of CSP. In spite of this aspect I would like to introduce one more aspect into this critical evaluation of budget estimation of CSP project. This important aspect is the project planner of CSP did not used any advanced project management tools for calculating the project budget, this is another negative aspect involved in the pproject development. In contrast with the project phases of improving branding of CSP I found the Work breakdown structure to be inefficient in comparison with one effective WBS structure. The project planner of the CSP did not explain the involved stages within the project development. Learning outcomes According to the critical evaluation done by me I have found various inefficiencies within the concerned improvisation of branding related to CSP. The organization mainly introduced various perspectives within their strategic planning in improving their branding. I found the strategic perspective related to application of five senses in improving the brand value of product. I feel this concept completely justified with respect to the objectives of the project. In spite of this primary stage of the project is justified correctly with respect to my critical evaluation of project management. There are other three aspects that were not maintained by the project planner in this project. First of these is, preparation of Work breakdown structure. I found the project planner inefficient in managing the project stages effectively, the project planner considered the project requirements in the WBS preparation; he did not considered the phases of project development. Second aspect that needs evaluation is that the budget estimation for the project cost estimation is correct but this can be improvised with the help of advanced project management tools such as Microsoft Project. Third aspect is that the project planner neglected the effectiveness of scheduling of Gantt chart. There are two day of gap between the project development phases that may include several malfunctions within project development. In addition to this, the project manager should also consider one testing phase after implementation of the project. I have found these stages being inappropriate within the project development. I think the project planner and organizational heads should be more responsible for these issues within the project planning. In contrast with this phase, I think the careful attention towards the project planning and scheduling will be helpful in solving these kinds of issues. Besides this, every project should consider one testing phase for viewing the results appropriateness. Therefore, the addition to testing phase will be helpful to resolve these issues. Conclusion The process of improving branding within the CSP for gaining more revenues and attracting more customers, I have fund the project plan inefficient in some phases. I have critically reviewed these phases in this essay in order to develop a proper structure of effective project management. In addition to this, I have provided effective measures to resolve these issues with respect to the demands of CSP. The critical evaluation is helpful in understanding the effective measures related to project management of Improvisation of branding of CSP with respect to current business trends. I have evaluated all of these aspects within this essay in order to highlight the critical review of project planning of CSP. References Alexander, B. and Heyd, B., 2014. Sonic branding within fashion retail brands: restrictions, opportunities, effectiveness and success.BS Publications, p.154. Amsteus, M., Liljegren, F., Markovic, S. and Mnsson, M., 2016. Chocolate or Succulent Chocolate: the impact of sensory descriptions on choice. Berg, P.O. and Sevn, G., 2014. Food-branding placesA sensory perspective.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,10(4), pp.289-304. Chakravarty, S.M., 2015. Sensory Branding: Branding with Senses. InCases on Branding Strategies and Product Development: Successes and Pitfalls(pp. 327-365). IGI Global. Chatterjee, S., 2015. Olfactory branding: a new trend for defining brands through smell-a case of ITC Sonar Hotel in Kolkata, India.International Journal of Trade and Global Markets,8(3), pp.196-206. Kumar, P., 2014. Multisensory Marketing-Building Sustainability Perspective in Diverse Sectors.International Journal of Marketing Business Communication,3(2). Richards, G., 2015. Food experience as integrated destination marketing strategy.World Food Tourism Summit in Estoril, Portugal,10, p.2015. Rossi, P., Borges, A. and Bakpayev, M., 2015. Private labels versus national brands: The effects of branding on sensory perceptions and purchase intentions.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,27, pp.74-79.